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''Halakha'' (;〔("Halacha" ). ''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''.〕 , (:halaˈχa); also transliterated as ''halacha'', ''halachah'' or ''halocho'') ( (:haˈloχo)) is the collective body of Jewish religious laws derived from the Written and Oral Torah. It includes the 613 ''mitzvot'' ("commandments"), subsequent talmudic and rabbinic law and the customs and traditions compiled in the ''Shulchan Aruch'' (literally "Prepared Table", but more commonly known as the "Code of Jewish Law"). Judaism classically draws no distinction in its laws between religious and non-religious life; Jewish religious tradition does not distinguish clearly between religious, national, racial, or ethnic identities.〔Hershel Edelheit, Abraham J. Edelheit, (History of Zionism: A Handbook and Dictionary ), p.3, citing Solomon Zeitlin, ''The Jews. Race, Nation, or Religion?'' ( Philadelphia: Dropsie College Press, 1936).〕 ''Halakha'' guides not only religious practices and beliefs, but numerous aspects of day-to-day life. ''Halakha'' is often translated as "Jewish Law", although a more literal translation might be "the way to behave" or "the way of walking". The word derives from the root that means ''to behave'' (also ''to go'' or ''to walk''). Historically, in the diaspora, ''halakha'' served many Jewish communities as an enforceable avenue of law - both civil and religious law, since there is no differentiation in classical Judaism. Since the Age of Enlightenment, emancipation, and ''haskalah'' many have come to view the halakha as less binding in day-to-day life, as it relies on Rabbinic interpretation, as opposed to the pure, written words written in the Jewish bible. Under contemporary Israeli law, however, certain areas of Israeli family and personal status law are under the authority of the rabbinic courts and are therefore treated according to ''halakha''. Some differences in ''halakha'' itself are found among Ashkenazi, Mizrahi, Sephardi, Yemenite and other Jews who historically lived in isolated communities, (such as in Ethiopia,) which are reflective of the historic and geographic diversity of various Jewish communities within the Diaspora. == Etymology and terminology == The name "''Halakha''" is derived from the Hebrew ''helekh'' (הָלַךְ) meaning "behavior" (in a different pronunciation, "halakh" - "to walk" or "to go"). Taken literally, therefore, "''halakha''" translates as "the way to behave" rather than "law". "''Halakha''" is used to refer to the corpus of rabbinic legal texts, or to the overall system of religious law. ''Halakha'' is often contrasted with ''Aggadah'' ("the telling"), the diverse corpus of rabbinic exegetical, narrative, philosophical, mystical and other "non-legal" texts. At the same time, since writers of ''Halakha'' may draw upon the aggadic and even mystical literature, there is a dynamic interchange between the genres. ''Halakha'' also does not include the parts of the Torah not related to commandments. ''Halakha'' constitutes the practical application of the 613 ''mitzvot'' ("commandments", singular ''mitzvah'') in the Torah, as developed through discussion and debate in the classical rabbinic literature, especially the Mishnah and the Talmud (the "Oral law") and as codified in the Mishneh Torah ("A repetition of the Torah") or Shulchan Aruch ("Code of Law"). The ''Halakha'' is a comprehensive guide to all aspects of human life, both corporeal and spiritual. Its laws, guidelines, and opinions cover a vast range of situations and principles, in the attempt to realize what is implied by the central Biblical commandment to "be holy as I your God am holy". They cover what are claimed to be better ways for a Jew to live, based on what is not stated, but has been derived from the Hebrew Bible ("Torah"). Because ''Halakha'' is developed and applied by various Halakhic authorities rather than one sole "official voice", different individuals and communities may well have different answers to Halakhic questions. Controversies lend rabbinic literature much of its creative and intellectual appeal. With few exceptions, controversies are not settled through authoritative structures because during the disaspora (age and place of exile) Jews have lacked a single judicial hierarchy or appellate review process for ''Halakha''. Instead, Jews interested in observing ''Halakha'' typically choose to follow specific rabbis or affiliate with a more tightly structured community. This factor has also been a central core in the development of the Hasidut. ''Halakha'' has been developed and pored over throughout the generations since before 500 BCE, in a constantly expanding collection of religious literature initially consolidated in the Talmud. First and foremost it forms a body of intricate judicial (rabbinical) opinions, legislation, customs, and recommendations, many of them passed down over the centuries, and an assortment of ingrained behaviors, relayed to successive generations from the moment a child begins to speak. It is also the subject of intense study in ''yeshivas''; see Torah study. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Halakha」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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